TMS Therapy – How It Works And What It Aims To Achieve

TMS Therapy – How It Works And What It Aims To Achieve

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a brain stimulation therapy making waves in the world of mental health treatment. Utilizing a series of electromagnetic pulses, this non-invasive therapy aims to stimulate targeted areas of the brain that regulate mood and emotion. TMS therapy-how it works and what it aims to achieve.

When Is TMS Therapy Used?

While TMS is gaining traction for PTSD, OCD, and other mental health conditions, its primary use revolves around treatment for MDD/depression. However, TMS Therapy must only be performed on patients with officially diagnosed depression disorders. This method is applicable for people who do not respond to antidepressant medications or psychotherapy.

Technology And Core Components

In Australia, the current TMS technology involves two major forms – rTMS (repetitive) and dTMS (deep). While both essentially utilize the exact same technology, the difference lies in the strength of the electromagnetic pulses delivered during treatment. A dTMS session involves sending pulses that specifically target deep brain neurons (at a depth of approximately 4cm). On the other hand, rTMS aims to activate neurons that in turn communicate with these deeper cells.

There are four major components of every TMS operation. These include the

• Coil:

  It is an enclosed electromagnet that interacts with the frontal cortex and applies repeated magnetic pulses

• Flexible arm:

  It connects to both the coil and the computer, allowing for a flow of electromagnetic currents/pulses.

• Computer/Monitor:

  It is used to control coil function, and operate and activate the entire TMS machine.

• Comfortable Chair with Head Support:

  It ensures that each patient remains in a comfortable position and the coil is secure from start to finish.

Common TMS Procedure

TMS therapy is either performed by a TMS technician or a TMS physician. An outpatient procedure can occur in a medical clinic or a hospital. In a hospital scenario, patients are not required to stay overnight after each session.

TMS is not a once-off procedure. Therefore, you may hear it referred to as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Treatment sessions generally occur up to five times a week over a 1–2-month period.

So, what can you expect from each one of these sessions?

1. Before the machine is activated, your TMS technician will hand you earplugs designed to minimize the clicking sounds generated from magnetic impulses. Simultaneously, you will be seated in a comfortable chair to make the experience relaxing and stress-free
2. If it is your very first TMS session, the technician will take careful measurements of your head to ensure the proper placement of the magnetic coil. Various other measurements may also occur at this stage.
3. Once you are seated and relevant measurements are recorded, the magnetic coil will be carefully placed above the frontal area of your brain.
4. At this stage, the machine is activated. You can expect to hear clicking sounds that indicate the flow of magnetic pulses. It is also common to experience a tapping/knocking sensation just below the magnetic coil.
5. Treatment will continue for an estimated length of between 30 to 60 minutes. Patients generally feel little to no discomfort in the aftermath and can resume normal activities.

Suitability

Unfortunately, TMS therapy is not a viable solution for all. Specific groups exist that are advised to avoid electromagnetic brain stimulation technology. These include those with existing

• Schizophrenia
• Bipolar
• Psychosis
• Schizoaffective disorders
• Substance abuse issues

Other groups that should not undertake TMS are those with a history of seizures, those who are pregnant, anyone with an implanted electronic device, and patients with metal anywhere in their cranium area. Of course, you can always speak to the relevant medical professional for concrete advice on your individual eligibility.

Note – TMS treatment is currently forbidden for patients under the age of 18.

Average Costs and Medicare Rebate

As of November 2021, rTMS therapies were officially added to the Australian Medicare Benefits Scheme. This federal legislation stipulates that anyone officially eligible for repetitive TMS treatment can receive a rebate to ease the burden of medical costs. Note that this only covers a course of up to 35 initial sessions and 15 for follow-up treatment (if required).

Side Effects

For patients that fit the eligibility criteria, side effects are often few and far between. However, a number of minor side effects may occur after a TMS session, the most common of these being mild headaches. Other reported reactions involve

• Lightheadedness
• Scalp pain
• Tingling
• Sleepiness
• Facial twitches
• Neck pain

Seizures have also been recorded in extremely rare instances, yet this can be avoided through a detailed screening process before the treatment cycle begins.

Reach Out to a Medical Professional

If you suffer from a major depressive disorder and have not reacted to medications and psychotherapy, it may be worth exploring TMS therapy. The best course of action involves reaching out to the relevant medical clinic for a consultation.

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